1. Lus qhuab qhia
Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim system, nrog rau kev nce ntawm lub hwj chim daim phiaj muaj peev xwm thiab kis tau tus mob voltage, relay tiv thaiv, hluav taws xob daim phiaj tswj thiab kev sib txuas lus cov cuab yeej raws li cov computers thiab microprocessors yog dav siv. Yog li ntawd, qhov teeb meem electromagnetic compatibility ntawm lub hwj chim system tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib koom ua ke kev tiv thaiv relay, kev sib txuas lus thiab SCADA cov haujlwm feem ntau yog ntsia ze ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab ntawm lub substation. Lub sijhawm ua ntej rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm cov khoom siv yog tias nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic tsis tshua muaj zog tsim nyob rau hauv lub substation nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua haujlwm lossis xwm txheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim hais tias niaj hnub high-voltage keyboards feem ntau koom nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tswj thiab kev tiv thaiv, cov khoom siv ua ke nrog cov khoom siv tam sim no muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog tam sim no tsis tsuas yog yuav tsum tau sim nrog cov hluav taws xob siab thiab cov tam sim no loj, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau dhau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. kev xeem compatibility. Thaum lub disconnector ntawm GIS ua haujlwm, nws tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob nrawm nrawm nrog zaus mus txog ntau megahertz. Qhov kev hloov pauv ceev ceev no yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm transformer thiab lwm yam khoom siv, tab sis kuj nthuav tawm sab nraud los ntawm cov phiaj xwm hauv av, cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv relay thiab tswj cov khoom siv hauv substation. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob automation, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm EMC thev naus laus zis tau pom meej zuj zus.
Raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm International Electrotechnical Commission (1EC), electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los yog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob hauv nws qhov chaw electromagnetic tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam rau txhua yam hauv ib puag ncig. EMC yog ib qho kev qhuab qhia tshiab rau kev qhuab qhia kev thov. Raws li kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis, nws yog raws li kev tshawb xav ntawm hluav taws xob thiab xov tooj cua technology, thiab koom nrog ntau yam tshiab, xws li microelectronics, computer technology, microwave technology, kev sib txuas lus technology thiab network technology, nrog rau cov khoom siv tshiab. Txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm EMC thev naus laus zis yog dav heev, suav nrog yuav luag txhua daim ntawv thov kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob, xws li lub zog, kev sib txuas lus, xov tooj cua, tsheb thauj mus los, aerospace, tub rog, khoos phis tawj thiab kev kho mob.
Txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob hauv tib lub zog hluav taws xob sib txuas thiab sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg los ntawm kev sib txuas hluav taws xob lossis sib nqus. Cov electromagnetic oscillation tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev ua txhaum, kev hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam yuav cuam tshuam rau ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lossis ua rau lawv puas tsuaj. Tag nrho cov no qhia tias qhov teeb meem ntawm electromagnetic compatibility ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua teeb meem uas tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
2. Ob peb lub tswv yim ntawm Electromagnetic Compatibility
1) Electromagnetic Compatibility Ib puag ncig (EME)
Nws hais txog cov lej ntawm tag nrho cov electromagnetic phenomena uas muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw. Ib qho chaw muab yog qhov chaw, uas yog hais txog tag nrho cov electromagnetic phenomena nrog rau txhua lub sij hawm thiab tag nrho cov spectrum.
2) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
EMC hais txog tias cov khoom siv lossis lub kaw lus tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob hauv nws qhov chaw electromagnetic thiab tsis ua rau electromagnetic cuam tshuam rau txhua yam hauv ib puag ncig. Raws li kev qhuab qhia, EMC tuaj yeem txhais tau tias "electromagnetic compatibility". EMC muaj peev xwm ua lub cuab yeej lossis lub kaw lus tuaj yeem hu ua "EMC". Los ntawm cov lus txhais, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias EMC suav nrog ob yam: electromagnetic emission generated los ntawm cov khoom siv lossis lub kaw lus yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lwm yam khoom siv lossis tshuab; Lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov cuab yeej lossis lub cev muaj peev xwm txaus los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv lossis qhov system los ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm lwm yam cuam tshuam.
3) Electromagnetic cuam tshuam (EMI)
Electromagnetic cuam tshuam yog hais txog tej yam tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic uas yuav txo tau qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov tshuab lossis cov khoom muaj sia nyob. Nws muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov chaw, sib txuas channel thiab receiver. Raws li txoj kev cuam tshuam kev nthuav tawm, electromagnetic cuam tshuam tau muab faib ua hluav taws xob cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam. Radiated cuam tshuam (RI) yog kis los ntawm qhov chaw nrog cov yam ntxwv thiab cov cai ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo, tab sis tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob hluav taws xob; Kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam (CI) yog qhov cuam tshuam uas nthuav tawm raws tus neeg xyuas pib, uas yog, yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas ua tiav ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw thiab tus txais.
4) Electromagnetic rhiab heev (EMS)
Yog tias qhov rhiab heev, qhov kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv qis. EMS qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv, khoom siv, lossis cov tshuab los ntawm ntau lub kaum ntse ntse. Qhov qis dua qhov rhiab heev (theem thaum qhov kev ua tau zoo yog degraded thaum pib), qhov siab dua, thiab qis dua qhov kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv; Qhov siab dua qhov tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam yog, qhov siab dua qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog, thiab qhov qis dua qhov rhiab heev. Electromagnetic rhiab heev yog muab faib ua hluav taws xob rhiab heev thiab conduction rhiab heev. Tam sim no, cov ntsiab lus kub ntawm electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) kev tshawb fawb feem ntau suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam qhov chaw thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv kis tau tus mob, cuam tshuam los ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam, kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob cuam tshuam, kev siv thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm electromagnetic spectrum, electromagnetic compatibility. cov qauv thiab specifications, electromagnetic compatibility ntsuas thiab kuaj tshuab, electromagnetic to thiab electrostatic paug, thiab lwm yam.
3. Main EMI hom thiab kis tau tus mob
Qhov tsim ntawm electromagnetic compatibility ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob yog vim qhov nce ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej, kev siv cov khoom siv sib txuas lus wireless, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau hauv ib puag ncig, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv. . Raws li electromagnetic compatibility ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab, kev lag luam sab hauv paub tias cov cuab yeej cuam tshuam rau ib leeg, uas yog, qee cov khoom siv tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau ntau yam cuam tshuam, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam khoom siv. Qhov tseeb, ntau yam khoom siv muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm electromagnetic, tab sis kev cuam tshuam ntawm lawv tsis tau pom meej meej, tab sis cov kev hem thawj no tau cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tau kawg, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kuj suav nrog qhov muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb los ntawm electromagnetic to. Electromagnetic leakage yog hais txog kev xau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias lawv tsis muaj zog electromagnetic signals, rau qee tus neeg ua phem phem, thaum lawv txaus siab rau qee cov ntaub ntawv, lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim siv niaj hnub txhais tau tias cuam tshuam, nthuav dav, decrypt, lossis txiav txim siab cov ntaub ntawv.
Electromagnetic cuam tshuam feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
1) Harmonic cuam tshuam
Kev cuam tshuam thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tseem ceeb yog pom hauv cov hauv qab no: ua kom cov khoom poob, ua kom qhov kub thiab txias, thiab txo cov zis thiab lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv; Ua kom dielectric poob thiab tso tawm hauv zos hauv rwb thaiv tsev kom nrawm rwb thaiv tsev laus; Ua kom muaj kev vibration thiab suab nrov ntawm lub cev muaj zog.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv thib ob yog cuam tshuam nrog nws lub xeev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, xws li kev ntsuas qhov tseeb, kev ntseeg tau, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua txhaum, kev tiv thaiv nyob deb muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm harmonics rau relay tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej. Lub impedance relay yog teem raws li lub hauv paus yoj impedance ntawm lub system. Cov tsos mob ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov thib peb harmonic, yuav ua rau muaj kev ntsuas tsis zoo, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis lees paub lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav.
2) Hloov ua haujlwm hauv thawj lub voj voog
Nws yog tsuas yog vim lub lag luam ntawm Circuit Court breakers, disconnectors, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim network, uas ua rau overvoltage ntawm capacitor bank, tsis muaj-load transformers, reactors, motors, thiab lwm yam, thiab electromagnetic cuam tshuam los ntawm lub pantograph.
3) xob laim cuam tshuam
Thaum xob laim tawm tsam lub substation hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob, cov tam sim no loj yuav ntws mus rau hauv daim phiaj hauv av los ntawm qhov chaw hauv av, uas yuav ua rau kom muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov chaw hauv av. Yog hais tias qhov thib ob Circuit Court grounding point yog nyob ze rau lub xob laim taw tes ntawm cov tam sim no loj, lub peev xwm ntawm lub thib ob Circuit Court grounding point yuav nce raws li, uas yuav tsim ib tug ntau hom kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib yam Circuit Court, ua rau over-voltage, uas yuav ua rau ib tug ntau hom kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub thib ob Circuit Court, uas yuav ua rau overvoltage. rwb thaiv tsev tawg ntawm cov khoom siv thib ob hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav.
4) cuam tshuam ntawm theem nrab Circuit Court nws tus kheej
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub voj voog thib ob nws tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm electromagnetic induction. Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov chaw nres tsheb lossis cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob tau paub los ntawm ib qho nti microcomputer systems. Vim tias cov khoom siv ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm luam tawm (PCB) hauv qhov system yog siv los ntawm DC fais fab mov, thiab muaj ntau qhov loj inductance coils hauv DC Circuit Court, thaum hloov, dhau-voltage yuav tshwm sim ntawm ob kawg ntawm lub kauj, uas yuav induced induced voltage thiab induced tam sim no uas tsis conducive mus rau ib txwm ua hauj lwm ntawm lub thib ob khoom, ua rau cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv ntawm PCB, yog li cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm microcontroller system.
Electromagnetic cuam tshuam tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam mus rau cov cuab yeej rhiab hauv ob txoj hauv kev, uas yog conduction thiab hluav taws xob. Kev coj ua tau muab faib ua kev sib txuas txuas ncaj qha, kev sib txuas hluav taws xob txuas hluav taws xob thiab inductive coupling. Cov hluav taws xob feem ntau yog electromagnetic coupling. Cov kev cuam tshuam tsim los ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib nrig sib inductance ntawm cov conductors. Thaum lub tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub thib ob Circuit Court dheev hloov, lub magnetic flux los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig txuas mus rau lub thib ob Circuit Court kuj hloov, thiab ces qhov cuam tshuam voltage yog induced. Qhov ntau dua qhov amplitude thiab zaus ntawm qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv thawj Circuit Court, lub zog sib nqus sib nqus ntawm thawj Circuit Court thiab theem nrab Circuit Court, thiab ntau dua qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm inductive coupling. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tsawg los ntawm TA, CVT thiab cov xaim hluav taws xob, ua raws li cov hluav taws xob ntau zaus. Cov ntawv txuas tseem ceeb yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab inductive coupling.
4. Kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam
Nyob rau hauv txhua qhov system, tsim EMC yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li peb yam kev mob (hu ua peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic): qhov muaj qhov cuam tshuam, qhov muaj nyob ntawm qhov tau txais cov khoom nkag siab rau cov kev cuam tshuam, thiab muaj nyob ntawm cov channel rau ob peb lub zog los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau tau txais units.
Raws li hom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam, shielding, filtering, thiab grounding txoj kev yog feem ntau saws los suppress electromagnetic cuam tshuam.
4.1 Kev cuam tshuam kev sib kis kab mob kev tiv thaiv
4.1.1 Kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muab faib ua hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, electromagnetic shielding yog saws los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam los ntawm alternating electromagnetic teb. Shielding muaj ob lub hom phiaj: a. txwv tsis pub cov xau ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv mus rau sab nraud; b. Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob sab nraud cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv.
a. Electric teb shielding txoj kev
Qhov kev ntsuas yooj yim tshaj plaws yog txhawm rau hauv av inductive qhov chaw thiab cov inductor nrog cov hlau muab faib kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob parasitic capacitive coupling thiab paub txog hluav taws xob tiv thaiv. Rau qhov muaj zog hluav taws xob cuam tshuam, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab hlau npog rau hauv av.
b. Magnetic field shielding method
Sib nqus teb yog muab faib ua low-frequency magnetic field thiab high-frequency magnetic field, thiab kev ntsuas sib txawv yuav tsum tau coj mus rau txawv magnetic teb. Rau qhov tsawg-frequency magnetic teb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus siab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub thaiv kom paub txog kev tiv thaiv kev sib nqus, tab sis cov khoom tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev taw qhia mus rau qhov chaw sib nqus kom tsis txhob sib nqus tawm. Rau high-frequency magnetic teb, vim hais tias ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm hluav taws xob teb tivthaiv thiab magnetic teb tivthaiv, hluav taws xob teb shielding thiab magnetic teb shielding yuav tsum tau ua ib txhij. Txawm li cas los xij, lub siab zaus sib nqus teb tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic raug txwv rau qis dua 100kHz. Rau ntau zaus magnetic teb, yuav tsum tau ntsuas tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev sib nqus los ntawm qhov khoob thiab qhov, qhov khoob yuav tsum raug txo los yog qhov sib txawv qhov tob yuav tsum tau nce ntau li ntau tau. Lub qhov yuav tsum tau them nrog hlau npog. Yog hais tias muaj cov ncej hlau protruding, lawv yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv av lossis waveguide attenuators yuav tsum tau nruab.
Thaum lub magnetic teb yuav tsum tau shielded muaj zog heev, cov ntaub thaiv npog yuav saturated. Thaum lub saturation tshwm sim, lub shielding efficiency yuav ploj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ob-txheej shielding yuav siv tau, thiab thawj txheej yog ua los ntawm cov khoom uas tsis muaj permeability, uas tsis yooj yim rau saturate; Cov txheej thib ob yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv permeability siab, tab sis nws yooj yim rau saturate. Thawj txheej ntawm shielding thawj attenuates lub magnetic teb rau ib tug tsim nyog lub zog, yog li ntawd lub thib ob txheej ntawm shielding yuav tsis saturated, thiab cov khoom permeability siab yuav muab tag nrho cov kev ua si rau lub shielding nyhuv.
4.1.2 Lim
Filtering tshuab yog ib qho kev ntsuas zoo los lim lub zog cuam tshuam. Kev cuam tshuam los ntawm lub zog muaj kuab paug yog qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob, daim ntawv thov kev hloov hluav taws xob tau nrov zuj zus. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshem tawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob, EMI lim yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Tus tsim ntawm EMI lim yog txawv los ntawm cov tsoos lim. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau zaus ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam ntau npaum li qhov ua tau, nws tseem yuav tsum ua kom muaj lub zog, thauj khoom impedance thiab cov khoom siv impedance ntawm lub lim kom ze li sai tau ntawm kev txiav tawm zaus, thiab ua raws li ob lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. :ib. Lub series inductance ntawm lub lim yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub zog impedance qis lossis qis impedance load; B. Lub parallel capacitor ntawm lub lim yuav tsum txuas nrog lub siab impedance fais fab mov lossis siab impedance load. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, kev siv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm EMI lim tuaj yeem txhim kho.
Txoj kev txhim kho kom raug ntawm lub lim kuj tseem ceeb heev. Piv txwv li, thaum lub lim tau nruab rau ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court, cov electromagnetic cuam tshuam ncaj qha nkag mus rau hauv lub lim, uas yuav txo cov nyhuv lim dej, yog li cov lim yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv.
4.1.3 Kev sib tw
Grounding yog ib qho ntawm cov kev cai yooj yim rau kev siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv, thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab tseem yog ib txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Vim hais tias hauv av tuaj yeem ua rau qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no hauv Circuit Court rov qab los rau hauv av, qhov tseeb hauv av tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb liab cuam tshuam rau lwm yam khoom siv.
Peb txoj hauv kev hauv av, lim, thiab tiv thaiv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem siv sib cais lossis sib koom ua ke. Piv txwv li, kev txhim khu kev qha hauv av ntawm cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam electrostatic thiab txo qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv; Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob zoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob cuam tshuam zoo, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lim circuits tuaj yeem tsim nyog. Xav txog tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig, lub hauv paus zoo tuaj yeem txo lub zog ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntau zaus; Shielding tuaj yeem cais txoj kev sib txuas ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab txo cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob; Kev lim dej tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam lub zog xa mus los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
4.2 Lub sij hawm sib cais
Txoj cai sib koom lub sij hawm yog qhib cov cuab yeej cuam tshuam thiab cov cuab yeej cuam tshuam hauv lub sijhawm sib txawv kom tsis txhob siv cov khoom cuam tshuam ib txhij hauv tib lub sijhawm.
4.3 Kev tswj xyuas zaus
Kev tswj hwm zaus suav nrog kev tswj hwm zaus, hloov kho zaus, kev xa xov digital, thiab hloov pauv photoelectric. Kev tswj hwm zaus txhais tau hais tias cov khoom siv nrog tib zaus hauv cov khoom siv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ua ke, thiab kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau qhov kev cuam tshuam ob zaus ntawm lawv. Zaus modulation tshuab yog siv zaus los hloov cov khoom siv ob zaug kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam ntau zaus. Digital kis tau tus mob yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov teeb liab analog rau hauv cov teeb liab digital rau kev sib kis, kom muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau ntau tshaj plaws. Cov lag luam tuaj yeem sim photoelectric hloov dua siab tshiab thiab photoelectric kis tau tus mob yog tias lawv tuaj yeem ua tau, vim tias cov teeb liab photoelectric muaj cov teeb liab-rau-lub suab nrov heev thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam.
4.4 Spatial sib cais
Kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw, kev sib cais ntawm cov vaj tse ntuj, lub kaum sab xis tswj cov khoom siv installation, vector coj tswj ntawm hluav taws xob thiab magnetic teb. Qhov ntawd yog hais tias, kev zam thiab kev siv tshuab tsis siv neeg yuav tsum tau txais kev pom zoo, kev sib cais ntawm lub ntuj tsim los ntawm cov tsev yuav tsum raug siv tsim nyog, qhov chaw tsim nyog thiab kev taw qhia yuav tsum raug xaiv, thiab kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo yuav tsum raug tswj xyuas. qhov siab tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li, thaum txhim kho lub monitor, cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev xa thiab txais lub bracket yuav tsum raug xaiv kom tsim nyog, thiab nws yuav tsum nyob deb ntawm lub elevator, TV, thiab computer li sai tau.
5. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm EMC tshawb fawb
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm electromagnetic compatibility ntawm lub zog muaj xws li:
5.1 Electromagnetic ib puag ncig kev ntsuas
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam (amplitude, zaus, waveform, thiab lwm yam) uas cov cuab yeej yuav raug rau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau kwv yees los ntawm kev ntsuas los yog digital simulation. Piv txwv li, lub tsheb sib tw electromagnetic compatibility test tsheb yog siv los ntsuas ntau yam cuam tshuam los ntawm high-voltage kis tau tus mob los yog substations, los yog lub caij nyoog electromagnetic teb uas tej zaum yuav generated yog digitally simulated los ntawm electromagnetic transient calculation program. Kev ntsuam xyuas ib puag ncig hluav taws xob yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm EMC thev naus laus zis thiab lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam.
5.2 EMI coupling txoj kev
Tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam mus txog qhov khoom cuam tshuam. Kev cuam tshuam tuaj yeem muab faib ua kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam hluav taws xob. Kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam yog hais txog kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob, cov xaim hauv av thiab cov kab teeb liab rau cov khoom. Piv txwv li, cuam tshuam los ntawm xob laim impulse qhov kis tau los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob. Radiation cuam tshuam yog hais txog kev cuam tshuam xa mus rau cov cuab yeej rhiab heev los ntawm qhov chaw electromagnetic. Piv txwv li, xov tooj cua cuam tshuam los yog TV cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib kis kab mob corona belongs rau hluav taws xob cuam tshuam. Kawm txog txoj kev sib txuas ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim cov kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab tshem tawm lossis tshem tawm kev cuam tshuam.
5.3 Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm electromagnetic immunity
Kawm txog lub peev xwm ntawm ntau yam khoom siv rhiab thiab ntsuas hauv lub zog hluav taws xob, xws li kev tiv thaiv relay, tsis siv neeg ntaus ntawv, khoos phis tawj, hluav taws xob ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas, tiv thaiv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam. Feem ntau, qhov kev sim no yog siv los simulate qhov cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab kuaj seb cov khoom siv kuaj puas yuav ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis kev puas tsuaj mus tas li thaum cov khoom siv ze li qhov ua haujlwm tau zoo. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov cuab yeej yog nyob ntawm nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob teeb tsa, theem teeb liab ua haujlwm thiab kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Nrog rau kev siv dav hauv ntau lub tshuab automation thiab kev sib txuas lus hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab nrog cov qauv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj zog tam sim no thiab cov cuab yeej muaj zog tam sim no, yuav ua li cas los ntsuas lub peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej no los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam, kawm cov tswv yim thiab cov kev sim ua tau zoo, thiab tsim qauv. Kev soj ntsuam cov qauv yuav dhau los ua ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab electromagnetic compatibility hauv cov tshuab fais fab.
6. Cov lus xaus
Nrog rau kev siv dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob automation thiab kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, qhov teeb meem electromagnetic compatibility tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txhawb cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm thiab paub tab ntawm electromagnetic compatibility, tsim kom muaj kev sib tw zoo meej thiab kev sim thiab cov qauv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, thiab kawm txog cov teeb meem tshiab thiab cov lus qhia tshiab ntawm electromagnetic compatibility hauv lub zog siv tshuab siv tshuab. Hauv kev tsim thiab kev siv automation engineering, electromagnetic cuam tshuam tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm thiab kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem txhim kho yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib raug zoo tau txiav txim siab tag nrho thiab ntau yam kev ntsuas thiab kev tswj hwm txoj hauv kev tau txais yuav.
